Fastapi项目docker部署
1.requirements.txt生成
Fastapi项目根目录（与main.py同级目录），使用pip3 freeze生成requirements.txt文件
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pip3 freeze > requirements.txt
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requirements.txt文件内容如下
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aioredis==2.0.1
annotated-types==0.6.0
anyio==3.7.1
async-timeout==4.0.3
certifi==2023.11.17
cffi==1.16.0
charset-normalizer==3.3.2
click==8.1.7
confluent-kafka==2.3.0
cryptography==41.0.5
dnspython==2.4.2
docopt==0.6.2
ecdsa==0.18.0
fastapi==0.103.2
fastdfs-client-py3==1.0.0
h11==0.14.0
h2==4.1.0
hdfs==2.7.3
hpack==4.0.0
httptools==0.6.1
Hypercorn==0.15.0
hyperframe==6.0.1
idna==3.4
jwt==1.3.1
loguru==0.7.2
priority==2.0.0
pyasn1==0.5.0
pycparser==2.21
pydantic==2.4.2
pydantic-settings==2.0.3
pydantic_core==2.10.1
pymongo==4.6.0
PyMySQL==1.1.0
python-dotenv==1.0.0
python-jose==3.3.0
python-multipart==0.0.6
pywebhdfs==0.4.1
PyYAML==6.0.1
redis==5.0.1
requests==2.31.0
rsa==4.9
six==1.16.0
sniffio==1.3.0
SQLAlchemy==2.0.22
starlette==0.27.0
typing_extensions==4.8.0
ujson==5.8.0
urllib3==2.1.0
uvicorn==0.23.2
uvloop==0.18.0
watchfiles==0.21.0
websockets==11.0.3
wsproto==1.2.0
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2.Dockerfile配置
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# 设置基本镜像
FROM python:3.11
# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /app
# 拷贝项目文件到工作目录
COPY . /app
# 安装项目依赖
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8081
# 运行 FastAPI 应用程序
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8081"]
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注意main:app与项目工程对应
3.构建镜像文件
构建镜像文件命令如下
docker build -t 项目名称 .
注意：项目名称后的小点“.” 别忘记了！！！
命令行进入到Dockerfile配置文件所在目录，执行如下：
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(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker build -t fastapitest-app .
[+] Building 84.5s (9/9) FINISHED docker:desktop-linux
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 404B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.11 4.1s
=> [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.11@sha256:0698431f4610b4cad4ccea2b3e2754dfbb61ac4c553bbd2b044d716a917f2cdc 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.3s
=> => transferring context: 692.19kB 0.3s
=> CACHED [2/4] WORKDIR /app 0.0s
=> [3/4] COPY . /app 3.5s
=> [4/4] RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ 75.6s
=> exporting to image 0.9s
=> => exporting layers 0.9s
=> => writing image sha256:38660250eb0c6c115399fe0e62c098520ea9de2dbe611f7b6bf40af4530c7c05 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/fastapitest-app 0.0s
What's Next?
View a summary of image vulnerabilities and recommendations → docker scout quickview
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4.运行容器
运行容器文件命令如下
docker run -d --name 新取的容器名称 -p 8000:80 刚刚构建的镜像名称
上面构建镜像为fastapitest-app，操作情况如下：
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(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker run -d --name newapp --network mynet -p 8081:8081 fastapitest-app
a46d63fd7bbf0140db8f873bad3950831ec47a86c36b65f0b1605597f214a585
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a46d63fd7bbf fastapitest-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:8081->8081/tcp newapp
b51576373e98 fastapi-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 minutes ago Exited (3) 5 minutes ago myapp
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 41 minutes ago Up 41 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
df43976c22e7 fastapitest:latest "uvicorn main:app --…" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago frosty_newton
929b04ca4b68 watch-fastapi-frontend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:2153->80/tcp WatchWeb
9dd1c7f8b9cd watch-fastapi-backend "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:1339->80/tcp WatchFastAPI
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a46d63fd7bbf fastapitest-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 29 seconds ago Up 29 seconds 0.0.0.0:8081->8081/tcp newapp
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 41 minutes ago Up 41 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
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5.FastAPI容器和mysql容器使用相同网络
为什么FastAPI容器和mysql容器使用相同网络，要指定–network mynet呢？
原因： docker部署启动fastapi报错sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (pymysql.err.OperationalError) (2003, “Can’t connect to MySQL server on ‘127.0.0.1’ ([Errno 111] Connection refused)”)
FastAPI无法连接到MySQL服务器。
在Docker部署中，不能使用127.0.0.1作为MySQL服务器的地址，因为在Docker容器中，127.0.0.1指向的是容器内部，而不是宿主机。
要解决这个问题，你需要确保FastAPI容器与MySQL容器在同一个Docker网络中，并且使用MySQL容器的名称或服务名称来作为连接地址。
创建一个Docker网络，这将使得FastAPI容器和MySQL容器能够相互访问。
创建网络：
docker network create mynetwork
运行MySQL容器时，指定–network选项将其连接到刚刚创建的网络：
docker run --name mysql-container --network=mynetwork -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=your_password -d mysql:latest
确保将your_password替换为你自己的MySQL根密码。
修改mysql连接配置
在FastAPI容器中，将连接地址设置为MySQL容器的名称或服务名称，并且将127.0.0.1更改为Docker网络的名称：
DATABASE_URL = "mysql+pymysql://root:your_password@mysql-container:3306/your_database"
将your_password替换为你在步骤2中设置的MySQL根密码，并将your_database替换为你自己的数据库名称。
例如：
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "mysql+pymysql://root:111111@mysql:3306/mydatabase?charset=utf8mb4"
详细操作步骤参考
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(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker network create mynet
297e608290472a23fec759a75e6b323771773d7bcfbaada11aa0c9fd285d8a76
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3936a8093161 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 hours ago Up 5 hours 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp mysql
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
df43976c22e7 fastapitest:latest "uvicorn main:app --…" 2 hours ago Exited (1) 2 hours ago frosty_newton
3936a8093161 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago mysql
929b04ca4b68 watch-fastapi-frontend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:2153->80/tcp WatchWeb
9dd1c7f8b9cd watch-fastapi-backend "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:1339->80/tcp WatchFastAPI
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker run --name mysql --network mynet -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=111111 -d mysql
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/mysql" is already in use by container "3936a8093161e17f3ccae316d9984fd84f077408af93c39876f791da5ce1aec9". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
See 'docker run --help'.
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker stop 3936a8093161e17f3ccae316d9984fd84f077408af93c39876f791da5ce1aec9
3936a8093161e17f3ccae316d9984fd84f077408af93c39876f791da5ce1aec9
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker rm 3936a8093161e17f3ccae316d9984fd84f077408af93c39876f791da5ce1aec9
3936a8093161e17f3ccae316d9984fd84f077408af93c39876f791da5ce1aec9
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % sudo lsof -i :3306
Password:
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld 411 _mysql 20u IPv6 0x70f53d14a8c97b0b 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % sudo kill 411
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % sudo lsof -i :3306
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
df43976c22e7 fastapitest:latest "uvicorn main:app --…" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago frosty_newton
929b04ca4b68 watch-fastapi-frontend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:2153->80/tcp WatchWeb
9dd1c7f8b9cd watch-fastapi-backend "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:1339->80/tcp WatchFastAPI
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker build -t fastapi-app .
[+] Building 88.3s (9/9) FINISHED docker:desktop-linux
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 404B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.11 5.1s
=> [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.11@sha256:0698431f4610b4cad4ccea2b3e2754dfbb61ac4c553bbd2b044d716a917f2cdc 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.5s
=> => transferring context: 698.71kB 0.4s
=> CACHED [2/4] WORKDIR /app 0.0s
=> [3/4] COPY . /app 4.6s
=> [4/4] RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ 77.2s
=> exporting to image 0.8s
=> => exporting layers 0.8s
=> => writing image sha256:ed85de08365ed66171ef256b3cb64b58c202474cb49574f36cd16474a5cbfe96 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/fastapi-app 0.0s
What's Next?
View a summary of image vulnerabilities and recommendations → docker scout quickview
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker run -d -p 8081:8081 fastapi-app
24f2e1350437f41ce2a05521d74e197bb13c9c442f19e033ab81b2ea73ab5a9c
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24f2e1350437 fastapi-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 4 seconds ago Exited (1) 3 seconds ago compassionate_rubin
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
df43976c22e7 fastapitest:latest "uvicorn main:app --…" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago frosty_newton
929b04ca4b68 watch-fastapi-frontend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:2153->80/tcp WatchWeb
9dd1c7f8b9cd watch-fastapi-backend "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:1339->80/tcp WatchFastAPI
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker exec -it mysql bash
bash-4.4# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.2.0 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> create database mydatabase;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> use mydatabase
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE users (
-> id INT auto_increment,
-> userid VARCHAR(64) primary key,
-> name VARCHAR(50),
-> age INT,
-> phone VARCHAR(20),
-> verification_code VARCHAR(6),
-> token VARCHAR(256),
-> index idx_id (id),
-> index idx_phone (phone),
-> index idx_token (token)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> DESCRIBE users;
+-------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int | NO | MUL | NULL | auto_increment |
| userid | varchar(64) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| age | int | YES | | NULL | |
| phone | varchar(20) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| verification_code | varchar(6) | YES | | NULL | |
| token | varchar(256) | YES | MUL | NULL | |
+-------------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
7 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
bash-4.4# exit
exit
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24f2e1350437 fastapi-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 18 minutes ago Exited (1) 6 minutes ago compassionate_rubin
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 27 minutes ago Up 27 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
df43976c22e7 fastapitest:latest "uvicorn main:app --…" 3 hours ago Exited (1) 3 hours ago frosty_newton
929b04ca4b68 watch-fastapi-frontend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:2153->80/tcp WatchWeb
9dd1c7f8b9cd watch-fastapi-backend "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:1339->80/tcp WatchFastAPI
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker run fastapi-app --network mynet -d -p 8081:8081
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create task for container: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "--network": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker run -d --name myapp --network mynet -p 8081:8081 fastapi-app
b51576373e9838d0e1de9208772ac40c57e2c9f9d4a83bce87068f2971c0284d
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b51576373e98 fastapi-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 13 seconds ago Exited (3) 10 seconds ago myapp
6f08868300dc fastapi-app "--network mynet -d …" About a minute ago Created 8081/tcp ecstatic_tu
6c876e8bd8fd fastapi-app "--network mynet" 7 minutes ago Created 0.0.0.0:8081->8081/tcp compassionate_fermi
24f2e1350437 fastapi-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 27 minutes ago Exited (1) 15 minutes ago compassionate_rubin
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 35 minutes ago Up 35 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
df43976c22e7 fastapitest:latest "uvicorn main:app --…" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago frosty_newton
929b04ca4b68 watch-fastapi-frontend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:2153->80/tcp WatchWeb
9dd1c7f8b9cd watch-fastapi-backend "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:1339->80/tcp WatchFastAPI
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker build -t fastapitest-app .
[+] Building 84.5s (9/9) FINISHED docker:desktop-linux
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 404B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.11 4.1s
=> [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.11@sha256:0698431f4610b4cad4ccea2b3e2754dfbb61ac4c553bbd2b044d716a917f2cdc 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.3s
=> => transferring context: 692.19kB 0.3s
=> CACHED [2/4] WORKDIR /app 0.0s
=> [3/4] COPY . /app 3.5s
=> [4/4] RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ 75.6s
=> exporting to image 0.9s
=> => exporting layers 0.9s
=> => writing image sha256:38660250eb0c6c115399fe0e62c098520ea9de2dbe611f7b6bf40af4530c7c05 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/fastapitest-app 0.0s
What's Next?
View a summary of image vulnerabilities and recommendations → docker scout quickview
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker run -d --name myapp --network mynet -p 8081:8081 fastapitest-app
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/myapp" is already in use by container "b51576373e9838d0e1de9208772ac40c57e2c9f9d4a83bce87068f2971c0284d". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
See 'docker run --help'.
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker run -d --name newapp --network mynet -p 8081:8081 fastapitest-app
a46d63fd7bbf0140db8f873bad3950831ec47a86c36b65f0b1605597f214a585
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a46d63fd7bbf fastapitest-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:8081->8081/tcp newapp
b51576373e98 fastapi-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 minutes ago Exited (3) 5 minutes ago myapp
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 41 minutes ago Up 41 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
df43976c22e7 fastapitest:latest "uvicorn main:app --…" 4 hours ago Exited (1) 4 hours ago frosty_newton
929b04ca4b68 watch-fastapi-frontend "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:2153->80/tcp WatchWeb
9dd1c7f8b9cd watch-fastapi-backend "uvicorn main:app --…" 6 weeks ago Exited (255) 12 days ago 0.0.0.0:1339->80/tcp WatchFastAPI
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a46d63fd7bbf fastapitest-app "uvicorn main:app --…" 29 seconds ago Up 29 seconds 0.0.0.0:8081->8081/tcp newapp
f1a5aeb83045 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 41 minutes ago Up 41 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest % docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
a0e17f6bc61f bridge bridge local
a84d064e7e5c fastapitest_default bridge local
2cb92de19cfb host host local
297e60829047 mynet bridge local
5fe1043d059a none null local
92c6bf939fc1 watch-fastapi_default bridge local
(base) lvwei@lvweideMacBook-Pro fastapitest %
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文章作者
梵梵爸
上次更新
2023-12-08
许可协议
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